|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On April 10, 2003, the PROTECT Act passed in both the House (400 – 25) and the Senate
(98 – 0). The RAVE Act was attached to this bill at the last moment, so it passed also. On April 30,
the president signed it into law.
The “RAVE Act” expands the scope of the “crack house statute.”
This makes it easier to prosecute owners and managers of businesses and/or real estate if
persons on their property commit a drug-related offense. Persons convicted under this new law
could be sentenced to up to 20 years in prison, fined $500,000 and have their business or property
confiscated. This legislation also adds a civil liability clause to the “crack house statute.”
The DEA has a web page that
explains how they intend to enforce this law.
|
|
The Defending America’s Most Vulnerable: Safe Access to
Drug Treatment and Child Protection Act of 2005 |
Congress has proposed a new law that specifies mandatory minimum sentences for most
drug-related offenses, including life without parole for any third offense. In addition, it specifies
new offenses involving the failure to report the drug activity of others to the police. For example, if
you fail to report within 24 hours any drug activity that you learn of, which occurs within 500 feet of
anyone under the age of 18, then you would be sentenced to at least two years in prison.
H.R. 1528. Defending America’s Most Vulnerable: Safe Access to Drug
Treatment and Child Protection Act of 2005
Sec. 425. Failure To Protect Children From Drug Trafficking
Activities
“(a) It shall be unlawful for any person who witnesses or learns of a violation of
sections 416(b)(2), 417, 418, 419, 420, 424, or 426 to fail to report the offense to law
enforcement officials within 24 hours of witnessing or learning of the violation and thereafter
provide full assistance in the investigation, apprehension, and prosecution of the person violating
paragraph (a).”
“(b) Any person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be sentenced to
not less than two years or more than 10 years. If the person who witnesses or learns of the
violation is the parent or guardian, or otherwise responsible for the care or supervision of the
person under the age of 18 or the incompetent person, such person shall be sentenced to not less
than three years or more than 20 years.”
|
|
To send a fax to your representative in Congress with your opinion on this issue, you
can use the
Drug
Policy Alliance fax server.
Contact info for your senators and representatives:
|
Organizations that are taking action on this issue and links to information about the
Rave Act on their websites |
Action Alert (April 7, 2003):
“Congress Ties Anti-Rave Bill To Popular Legislation”
Action Alert (September 5, 2002):
“Oppose Culture War Against Raves!”
Press Release (January 1, 2003):
“After ACLU Action, Police Dismiss Citations Against Hundreds of Electronic Music Concertgoers in
Wisconsin”
Press Release (February 4, 2002):
“Citing Free Speech Rights, LA Court Rejects Government’s Extremist Tactics in Culture War Against
Raves”
Press Release (August 24, 2001):
“Government’s War on Raves Went Too Far, Louisiana Court Rules”
Press Release (August 21, 2001):
“ACLU Lawsuit Fights Government’s Extremist Tactics In Culture War Against Raves”
Press Release (July 17, 2001):
“Rave Attendees Claim Rights Violations”
Press Release (May 3, 2001):
“Feds Seek to Shut Music Clubs”
Press Release (March 7, 2001):
“Censorship is Latest Drug War Tactic as Government Seeks to Put ‘Rave’" Dance Music Promoters in
Prison”
Legal Document (November 25, 2002):
“ACLU Letter to Racine City Attorney on Rave Citations”
Legal Document (February 1, 2002):
“McClure v. Ashcroft, Judgment”
Legal Document (August 23, 2001):
“McClure v. Ashcroft, District Court Hearing Transcript”
Legal Document (August 21, 2001):
“McClure v. Ashcroft, ACLU Complaint”
Legal Document (August 21, 2001):
“McClure v. Ashcroft, ACLU Memorandum of Support”
Legislative Document (April 8, 2003):
“Letter to Conferees on S. 151, Child Abduction Prevention Act”
Legislative Document (October 10, 2002):
“Testimony of Drug Policy Litigation Project Director Graham Boyd Before the House Judiciary
Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security on H.R. 5519, the RAVE Act”
Resources (September 11, 2003):
“DEA Must Not Be Allowed To Chill Speech Or Shut Down Electronic Music Events”
Resources (January 17, 2003):
“Stories From The Racine ‘Rave Raid’”
Resources (January 17, 2003):
“Racine ‘Rave Raid’”
Resources (November 4, 2002):
“Report Incidents of Electronic Music Profiling by Law Enforcement”
Commentary:
“Stop the Rave Act”
The Government & Media Action Center:
“Biden bill would declare concert promoters criminals:
‘RAVE’ Act will treat businessmen as drug dealers”
Action Alert:
“Stop the Senate from Banning Raves, Hempfests and Other Events:
A Drug Policy Alliance and DanceSafe Joint Action.”
Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America
Legislative Alert (February 28, 2003):
“Support S 226: Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act & H.R. 718:
Reduce Americans’ Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act ”
Legislative Alert (August 21, 2002):
“S 2633 — Protect Children From The Dangers Associated With Club Drugs”
Action Alert (August 2, 2002):
“Reducing Americans’ Vulnerability To Ecstasy Act of 2002 (Rave Act)”
Article (August 22, 2002):
“Senate’s R.A.V.E. Act Receives Strong, National Opposition”
Criminal Justice Policy Foundation
Action Alert (September 25, 2002):
“S. 2633, ‘The Reducing Americans Vulnerability To Ecstasy Act Of 2002’ (The RAVE Act)”
Background (September 25, 2002):
“Remarks By Senator Biden On Introducing The RAVE Act”
Blackkat Productions
Press Release (May 12, 2003):
“Join Us In Foley Square To Speak Out! Stop The War On Music Culture”
News Alert:
“San Francisco Board Of Supervisors Drafts Resolution to Oppose R.A.V.E Act (s2633)”
Action Alert:
“Senator Leahy has dropped his support for the RAVE Act.”
DC Nightlife Coalition
Action Alert (April 14, 2003):
“Fax Attorney General Ashcroft”
Action Alert (April 7, 2003):
“Stop Sen. Biden From Sneaking The RAVE Act Into Law”
Action Alert:
“Oppose The Clean-UP Act (HR 834); Stop The RAVE Act II”
Action Alert:
“The politicians Want You – To Be A Snitch (Or Go To Jail)”
Action Center:
“Tell Congress To Oppose Sensenbrenner’s HR 1528”
Action Center:
“Say No Way To Drugs and Terrorism Law”
Action Center:
“Things You Can Do to Fight for Your Right to Dance”
Action Center:
“Stop The Ecstasy Awareness Act”
Action Center:
“Oppose The CLEAN-UP Act”
Action Center:
“Tell John Ascroft Not To Abuse The RAVE Act”
Action Center:
“Stop The DEA From Abusing The RAVE Act”
Action Center:
“Repeal the RAVE Act”
Action Center:
“Repeal the RAVE Act” (donate to DPA)
Action Center:
“Anti-Club Laws” (flyer)
Background:
“The VICTORY Act: Text of the Draft Bill”
Background – Audio (David Moore):
“The RAVE Act: The Right To Dance Is Under Attack”
Background:
“The Rave Act Returns: New Law Could Subject You To 20 Years In Prison”
Background:
“Media Training For Activists: RAVE Act Talking Points And Sample Letter To The Editor”
Background:
“The Rave Act: Fact Sheets”
Background:
“The Rave Act: The Facts on The Reducing Americans Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act of 2002
(The RAVE Act) (S. 2633)”
Background:
“General Analysis of the RAVE Act (H.R. 718) and Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act
(S. 226)”
Background:
“The Facts On The RAVE Act (H.R. 718) And Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act (S. 226)”
Background:
“Federal Legislation Threatens Bar Owners, Concert Promoters, And Other Businessmen And Women”
Background:
“Federal Legislation Threatens Bar Owners, Concert Promoters, And Other Businessmen And Women”
Background:
“The Music Industry And The RAVE Act (H.R. 718) And Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act (S. 226)”
Background:
“Questions and Answers on The RAVE Act (H.R. 718) and Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act
(S. 226)”
Background:
“General Analysis of the RAVE Act (H.R. 718) and Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act
(S. 226)”
Background:
“Hip-Hop and the RAVE Act (H.R. 718) and Illicit Drugs Anti-Proliferation Act (S. 226)”
Background:
“Legal Defense of Electronic Music”
Background:
“Musicians and the Drug War”
Background:
“Dance, Music and Entertainment”
Background:
“Club Drugs”
Background:
“Legislative History Of The RAVE Act”
Background:
“Anti-Rave Bills”
Testimony (Sen. Richard J. Durbin):
“Questions For The Record For Karen Tandy”
Testimony (Sen. Joseph R. Biden, Jr.):
“Questions For The Record For Karen Tandy”
Letter (June 19, 2003):
“From the DEA
to Sen. Biden on the Billings, Montana Incident”
Article (December 1, 2005):
“New York City May Reconsider ‘Illicit’ Activity Of Dance”
Article (September 28, 2005):
“Rave Rulings Show Anti-Dance Culture Bias”
Article (September 1, 2005):
“Community Rallies After Outrageous Rave Raid”
Article (August 22, 2005):
“Utah RAVE Raided by SWAT Team”
Article (August 17, 2005):
“After the RAVE Act: Protecting the Electronic Music Community”
Article (May 18, 2005):
“Taking Reform to a Whole New Level”
Article (May 18, 2005):
“You’ve Been Drafted: Uncle Sam Wants You For The War On Drugs”
Article (May 11, 2005):
“Tell Congress to Oppose Sensenbrenner’s HR 1528”
Article (January 18, 2005):
“Alliance and Suporters Help Tidy up CLEAN-UP Act”
Article (January 18, 2005):
“Good and Bad News About Congress”
Article (April 28, 2004):
“DJs, Music Lovers, Drug Policy Reformers Gather To Oppose Outrageous Legislation”
Article (December 17, 2003):
“Drug Czar Says Mexican Drug Gangs Taking Over Public Land”
Article (September 9, 2003):
“Government References Botched Ecstasy Study”
Article (September 8, 2003):
“Protesters Dance Against Anti-Rave Laws”
Article (September 8, 2003):
“The RAVE Act In Effect”
Article (July 16, 2003):
“Author Of RAVE Act Pushes DEA To Create Guidelines”
Article (June 25, 2003):
“Court: Government Can Ban Glow Sticks”
Article (June 9, 2003):
“First Victims of the RAVE Act”
Article (May 28, 2003):
“RAVE Act Sparks Nationwide Action”
Article (April 30, 2003):
“Bush Signs RAVE Act, Drug Policy Alliance Seeks Repeal”
Article (April 11, 2003):
“RAVE Act Passes”
Article (January 3, 2003):
“Harm Reduction Banned at Rave, ‘Club Drugs’ Blamed for Deaths”
Article (November 20, 2002):
“RAVE Act Dies”
Article (October 10, 2002):
“RAVE Act Update”
Article (October 3, 2002):
“Durbin Drops Support for RAVE Act”
Article (February 7, 2002):
“Fed Ban On Rave Culture Overturned”
Press Release (April 20, 2004):
“Congress Threatens Live Music, Fans and Music Industry Fight Back”
Press Release (December 2, 2003):
“Today’s New York Times Documents Years of Bad Science on Ecstasy by Government’s Lead ‘Expert’”
Press Release (September 8, 2003):
“Drug Policy Alliance Slams Bad Science Behind Congressional Law On Ecstasy”
Press Release (August 28, 2003):
“Junior Vasquez, DJ Craze, D:Fuse, Others To Play Free Concert In DC On September 6th:
Thousands Of Voters To Protest Federal Anti-Dancing Legislation”
Press Release (June 24, 2003):
“Senate Judiciary Committee To Consider Bush’s Nomination For New DEA Chief – Wed. June 25”
Press Release (June 9, 2003):
“DEA Uses New Power Under “RAVE Act” To Intimidate Business Owners And Stifle Free Speech”
Press Release (May 28, 2003):
“Controversial “RAVE Act” Sparks Protests Amongst Business Owners, Artists and Music Fans -
Events to Be Held in Los Angeles, New York and Seattle Saturday, May 31st”
Press Release (April 7, 2003):
“Sen. Biden Attempting to Sneak Controversial ‘RAVE’ Act Legislation Into Amber Alert Bill”
Press Release (March 13, 2003):
“As Congress Considers Two National ‘Footloose’ Laws, Dance Music Industry Organizes to Fight”
Press Release (January 10, 2003):
“Two-Day Chicago Summit Meeting February 7-8 To Focus On Party Health, Risk Reduction”
Press Release (July 18, 2002):
“Opposition to Dangerous Senate RAVE Act Grows”
Press Release (July 11, 2002):
“Innocent Club Owners, Young People Vulnerable Under Rapidly Moving ‘RAVE’ Bill”
Electronic Music Defense & Education Fund
Action Center:
“Current Action Items”
Action Center:
“STOP the RAVE Act of 2003!”
Action Center:
“STOP the RAVE Act of 2003!”
Action Center:
“RAVE Act of 2003 — H.R. 718: Take Action!”
Action Center:
“RAVE Act Re-Introduced: Take Action! (S. 226)”
Action Center:
“RAVE Act Re-Introduced: Take Action! (S. 22)”
Action Center:
“CLEAN-UP Meth Act of 2003 — H.R. 834”
Background:
“Which "‘RAVE Act’ are you interested in?”
Background:
“RAVE Act of 2003 (H.R. 718)”
Background:
“Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act of 2003 (S.226)”
Background:
“RAVE Act Re-Introduced in 2003: S. 22 ‘Crack House’ Section”
Background:
“CLEAN-UP Meth Act of 2003 (H.R. 834)”
Background:
“HR3782 CLEAN-UP Methamphetamines Act of 2002
Failed To Pass Before The 107th Congress Adjourned”
Background:
“The RAVE Act of 2002 (S.2633) Reducing Americans’ Vulnerability To Ecstasy Act”
Multimedia Library:
“D.C. RAVE Act protest, Shawn Heller” &
“Legislative Hearing on the House version of the RAVE Act (H.R. 5519)”
Families Against Mandatory Minimums
Action Alert:
“Letters Opposing H.R. 1528”
Article:
“Summary of HR 1528 ‘Defending America's Most Vulnerable: Safe Access to Drug Treatment and Child
Protection Act of 2005’”
Grassmusic
Action Alert:
“Musicians and listeners please support this important issue”
Background:
“History of the Rave Act”
Press Release (April 23, 2003):
“Greens Urge Repeal of ‘Rave Act’ Legislation”
News:
“Stop The Prosecutions Of Rave Promoters”
International Association of Assembly Managers
Letter to the House Committee on the Judiciary:
“RE: H.R. 3782, Clean, Learn, Educate, Abolish, Neutralize, and Undermine Production (Clean-Up)
of Methamphetamines Act of 2002”
Action Alert:
“Your Scene Is In Danger”
Action Alert:
“Clean, Learn, Educate, Abolish, Neutralize, and Undermine Production (CLEAN-UP) of Methamphetamines
Act”
Action Alert:
“Ecstasy Awareness Act of 2003”
The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
Article (June 12, 2003):
“DEA Abuses Authority Under New Federal ‘RAVE Act’ To Trample First Amendment:
Venue Pulls Scheduled Montana NORML Fundraiser After Threats From The DEA”
The November Coalition
Editorial:
“Attacking Judges, Not Drugs”
PetitionOnline.com
Online Petition:
“A.A.R.A. – Americans Against The R.A.V.E. Act”
Online Petition:
“Please Let Us Rave”
Online Petition:
“C.A.R.A. – Citizens Against The R.A.V.E. Act”
Online Petition:
“Anti-RAVE ACT”
Online Petition:
“Anti-Rave Law”
The Petition Site
Online Petition:
“Repeal the Rave Act”
Protect Live Music (A Project of the Drug Policy Alliance)
Fight For Your Rights:
“April 24th: Protect Live Music”
Fight For Your Rights:
“Anti-Music Legislation”
Fight For Your Rights:
“Music Lovers: Fight Back!”
Flyer:
“Four Things You Can Do”
Petition:
“Stop Anti-Club Legislation”
Background:
“Clean-Up Act Talking Points”
Background:
“History Of The RAVE Act”
Background:
“Musicians And The War On Drugs”
ROAR!
Mission:
“Defending Music and Our Rights”
San Francisco Late Night Coalition
News:
“‘The RAVE Act’ is back – Senate Bill S 226”
StopTheRaveAct.org
Action Alert:
“Stop The RAVE Act(s) Of 2003! Oppose Legislation Targeting Music Promoters”
Students for Sensible Drug Policy
Video Clip:
“Shawn Heller speaks to Ravers opposed to the Rave Act on the Capitol lawn.”
Press Release (June 11, 2003):
“Ravers Rally Against RAVE Act”
Gallery:
“Opposing The RAVE Act On The Capitol Lawn”
Unitarian Universalist Association
Article:
“Dangerous Drug War Bill: Oppose the RAVE Act!”
|
Le Sheng Liu, of the UC
Berkeley Drug Resource Center and SHARE Project (Bay Area
DanceSafe), has made a documentary film,
“Generation E,” about the RAVE Act and its
impact on youth culture.
Generation E
A Film by
Le Sheng Liu
“On April 30, 2003, President Bush signed the R.A.V.E. Act, a federal law making
it a felony to organize an event or operate any type of space where illicit drug activities would
take place. The bill was originally written to punish rave and nightclub promoters who threw
parties where young people took ecstasy and other ‘club drugs.’ Generation E traces the
government’s fight against rave and ecstasy culture during the past decade, and also examines other
youth and music scenes that have had legislation passed against them throughout history, including
jazz, swing, rock n’ roll, disco, punk, hip hop, and the Oakland ‘sideshow’ scene. Contains
archival footage ranging from 19th century drug prohibition to recent news coverage of ‘rave
deaths.’ Features interviews with dozens of musicians, activists, health workers, and youth
advocates from the San Francisco Bay Area.”
|
|
|
News articles and editorials on the subject |
The Tufts Daily
Editorial (Mikey Goralnik),
April 24, 2007
“Paint the Town Brown”
Central Michigan Life
Editorial (Mike D’Orazio),
May 31, 2006
“The New ‘Rave’ In Town:
Officials Say Synthetic Drug Use More Prevalent In Mount Pleasant Area”
Salt Lake City Weekly
Editorial (Ted McDonough),
April 20, 2006
“Command Performance:
Feds Threaten A Land Grab If The Childs Family Won’t Move Outdoor Events”
Daily Kos
Article (DJ Evol Intent),
August 21, 2005
“Utah Ravers Treated Like Terrorists!”
Coastal Post
Editorial (Edgar J. Steele),
August, 2005
“Going After The Kids – Pogo Was Right”
BloggingBaby
Letter (Jim McQuiggin),
June 9, 2005
“Parents Could Do 10 Years For Selling A Joint Under Proposed Drug Law”
ThugLifeArmy.com
Editorial (Bud Landry),
June 5, 2005
“HR 1528: Hip-Hop Culture’s Newest Threat”
Magic City Morning Star
Editorial (Bud Landry),
June 2, 2005
“A Stalinist Law”
ThugLifeArmy
Article (DJ Evol Intent),
June 5, 2005
“HR 1528: Hip-Hop Cultures Newest Threat”
Journal Standard
Letter (Elizabeth Wehrman),
June 1, 2005
“Fight Proposed ‘Draconian’ Drug Laws”
Chicago Defender
Editorial (Greg Mathis),
May 27, 2005
“We Must Protect Judicial Discretion”
City Pages
Article (Beth Hawkins),
May 25, 2005
“The Drug War: Back With A Vengeance. A New Bill In Congressional Committee Would Drastically
Increase Sentences For Many Kinds Of Drug Offenses”
AlterNet
Editorial (Bill Piper),
May 18, 2005
“Spy Vs. Spy”
USA Today
Letter,
May 18, 2005
“HR 1528”
BlogCritics.org
Editorial (Dave Nalle),
May 18, 2005
“Welcome To The Police State”
TalkLeft
Article,
May 12, 2005
“Summary Of H.R. 1528: The Worst Drug Bill Ever”
TalkLeft
Article,
April 17, 2005
“House Insanity – HR 1528: 5 Years For Passing A Joint!”
Signal Online
Article (Laura Carey),
April 12, 2005
“Electronic Music, In Or Out?”
Lawrence.com
Article (Richard Gintowt),
April 12, 2005
“Tribal reVision?
Lawrence’s Techno Enthusiasts Still Partying ... Just Don’t Call Em ‘Ravers’”
Oregon Daily Emerald
Article (Meghann Cuniff),
February 23, 2005
“Yesterdays’s Party: Restrictions On Venues And Concerns About Drug Use Have Aided In The Collapse
Of The Electronic Music Scene, Which Boomed In Yhe 1990s”
PartySmart Report
Article (">Phoebe Harmon),
December, 2004
“The Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act and Other Anti-Rave Legislation”
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Article (">Andrew Green),
July 18, 2004
“They’ve Got Rhythm, They’ve Got Politics: Pumping Up Young Voters At Concerts”
Albuquerque Journal
Editorial,
May 31, 2004
“’Cuff Drug Users, Not Innocent Bystanders”
The Austin Chronicle
Letter (Wes Stubblefield),
May 28, 2004
“Orwell Off By 20 Years”
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
Article (">Chris McGann),
May 24, 2004
“Music For America Is Attempting To Add A Million To The Voter Rolls”
Albuquerque Journal
Article (Leanne Potts),
May 22, 2004
“Drug Bill Makes Bands Pay For Fans’ Pot Use:
Promoters, Vendors Could Also Face Fines, Jail For Audience Substance Abuse”
Newsday
Article (Martin Johnson),
May 21, 2004
“Frank & Joe Give Nostalgia A Good Name Once Again”
Oregon Daily Emerald
Editorial (">Helen Schumacher),
May 6, 2004
“Ecstasy Act Pits Congress Against Club Ravers, Music”
KINK FM
Article,
May 1, 2004 (approx.)
“Congress May Crash The Party”
Synthtopia: Electronic Music News
Editorial,
April 30, 2004
“Tell Congress to Keep Electronica Concerts Legal”
Golden Gate Express
Article (">Cassandra Braun),
April 29, 2004
“‘Generation E’ Explores Portrayals Of Youth Culture”
San Diego CityBeat
Editorial (Edwin Decker),
April 28, 2004
“Zappa Prophecies: Insane Bill Threatens To Destroy Live Music”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
April 27, 2004
“Adieu, Bonjour”
ReadMe
Article (Vanessa Diaz),
April 26, 2004
“‘Music Makes The People Come Together,’ So Leave Raves Alone”
mi2n (Music Industry News Network)
Press Release,
April 25, 2004
“Congress Threatens Live Music, Fans And Music Industry Fight Back”
WBAI FM
Article,
April 24, 2004
“Liquid Sound Lounge”
Hyperreal (Poland)
Article,
April 24, 2004
“Dzien i Noc Oburzenia”
Spraci
Editorial,
April 20, 2004
“Draconian Bill A Danger To Music Industry”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
March 24, 2004
“Love And Squalor”
The Village Voice
Article (Carla Spartos),
March 10, 2004
“The Ecstasy Factor”
New York Daily News
Article (Greg Gittrich),
March 8, 2004
“Hot Spot Raided As A Drug Depot”
New York Newsday
Article (Christine Armario & Daryl Khan),
March 7, 2004
“Police Raid Club”
Gambit Weekly
Article (Cristina Diettinger),
February 5, 2004
“Disco Donnie And The Days Of Rave”
Article (Cristina Diettinger),
February 5, 2004
“The Rise Of Rave”
Shepherd Express
Letter (Lenore Ceizyk),
January 13, 2004
“Unraveling The RAVE Act”
Synthtopia
Article,
January 4, 2004
“Congress Hates Electronica! Rave Act II Is A Fascist’s Wet Dream!”
Article,
January 4, 2004
“Tell Congress To Keep Electronica Concerts Legal”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
December 12, 2003
“Weed Watch”
LA CityBEAT
Article (Dennis Romero),
December 11, 2003
“The Agony Of Ecstasy”
Reason
Editorial (Ronald Bailey),
December 3, 2003
“The Agony Of Ecstasy Research: Science Gets Recruited In The Drug War”
The Age (Australia)
Article (Khalil Hegarty),
November 28, 2003
“Everybody Dance”
Gotham Gazette
Article (Craig McGuire),
November 17, 2003
“Nightclub Act II”
Daily Camera
Article (Jennie Dorris),
November 14, 2003
“DJs Choose New Paths As Electronica Goes Back Underground”
XPander (Netherlands)
Article,
November 13, 2003
“Space Miami Is Back”
The Tartan
Letter (Greg Liggett),
November 11, 2003
“How Far Should The War On Drugs Go?”
CNN
Article (Sasha Johnson),
November 4, 2003
“‘Punkvoter’ Founder Aims To Unify Youth Vote”
Delta Democrat Times
Letter (Anita T. Mayfield),
November 3, 2003
“Government Stomping On Freedoms”
Seattle Weekly
Editorial (Geov Parrish),
October 29, 2003
“RAVE On: A National Antirave Act Wants To Stop You From Dancing In The Dark.”
Generation Next
Article (Landie Romero),
October 24, 2003
“The New Rave: Not The Usual Drug-Infested Orgy”
Generation Next
Article (Pasquala Enos),
October 24, 2003
“The Government Gets Into The RAVE Act”
Working For Change
Editorial (Geov Parrish),
October 24, 2003
“Crashing The Party: The RAVE Act Does More To Stop Dancing Than Drug Use”
XPander (Netherlands)
Article,
October 14, 2003
“Space In Miami To Close”
The Sierra Times
Editorial (Emiliano Antunez),
October 7, 2003
“America’s Vice Taliban”
Washington Blade
Editorial (Steve Weinstein),
October 3, 2003
“Talking Trash About Tina”
The Sierra Times
Editorial (Anita T. Mayfield),
October 3, 2003
“Voting Out Our Constitutional Rights”
Electrolife
Editorial (Mary Ishimoto Morris),
October 1, 2003
“Rave Reviews”
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
Editorial (Marsha Rosenbaum),
September 30, 2003
“False Drug Information Harms Kids”
AlterNet
Editorial (Marsha Rosenbaum),
September 29, 2003
“The Ecstasy Debacle”
The Austin Chronicle
Letter (Steve Switaj),
September 26, 2003
“Does RAVE Act Affect Zilker?”
The Michigan Daily
Editorial (Neal Pais),
September 25, 2003
“The Rhetoric Of Fools”
New York Blade
Editorial (Steve Weinstein),
September 19, 2003
“Frank Talk About Drugs”
New York Blade
Editorial (Matt Kalkhoff),
September 19, 2002
Stop Having Fun, Dammit!
Boulder Weekly
Editorial,
September 18, 2003
“Drugs: Rave Act Abuse”
Nature
Editorial,
September 18, 2003
“Ecstasy’s After-Effects”
The Oklahoma Daily
Article (Ashley Fantz),
September 16, 2003
“Critics Say Anti-Drug Law Promotes Profiling”
The Miami Herald
Article (Ashley Fantz),
September 14, 2003
“Electronic-Music Fans Fear Drug Law Will Crash The Party”
Daily Lobo
Article (Marissa Juarez),
September 12, 2003
“Music Festival Fights Rave Image”
Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
September 12, 2003
“The (Bad!) Smell Of VICTORY”
Metro Weekly
Article (John Murph),
September 11, 2003
“RAVE On:
DJs And Dancers Gather At Capitol To Fight The Goverment’s Newest Fronts In The Drug War”
Montana Kaimin
Article (Natalie Storey),
September 10, 2003
“Event Planners Accountable Under Drug Law: Montana NORML Says Its Events Are Lawful”
DC Independent Media Center
Article,
September 8, 2003
“ROAR Or Meow? The Beat Goes On”
DC Independent Media Center
Article (Jill Blankespoor),
September 7, 2003
“Ravers Protest The Rave Act On The Capitol Lawn”
DrugSense
Focus Alert,
September 7, 2003
“Bad Science Drives Drug War Hysteria”
Shejay
Article (Mona Jonz),
September 6, 2003
“RAVE Act Protest”
UK Clubbing (U.K.)
Article,
September 5, 2003
“America Club Terrorists?”
Drug War Chronicle
Editorial (Phillip S. Smith),
September 5, 2003
“Bad Bills: RAVE Act II, CLEAN-UP Act, VICTORY Act”
The Pitch
Letter (Elyse Max),
September 4, 2003
“Drug Problem: All The Rave”
UK Clubbing (U.K.)
Article,
September 3, 2003
“RAVE Act Could Wipe Out Clubs”
The Washington Blade
Article (Brian Moylan),
August 29, 2003
“Toeing The Dance Party Line:
Second Annual ROAR! Rally On U.S. Capitol Grounds Features Popular Gay DJ Junior Vasquez”
The Washington Blade
Article (Lou Chibbaro, Jr.),
August 28, 2003
“RAVE Act II, ‘Clean Up’ Act Worry Civil Liberties Advocates”
Yep! (Brazil)
Article,
August 26, 2003
“RAVE Act 2 Pode Acabar Com A Balada Nos EUA”
Tranzfusion (Australia)
Article,
August 24, 2003
“America’s RAVE Act 2 Could Wipe Out All Dance Clubs”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
August 22, 2003
“Weed Watch: Drug Sentences Slammed”
The Pitch
Article (Andrew John Ignatius Vontz),
August 21, 2003
“Rave Review: The RAVE Act Could Mean Trouble For Even Legitimate Promoters”
In These Times
Article (Steven Wishnia),
August 21, 2003
“Raving Mad: New Drug Law Limits Gatherings”
In These Times
Article,
August 21, 2003
“Rage Against The RAVE Act”
Reason
Editorial (Jacob Sullum),
August 20, 2003
“Is It the Music? The Crackdown On Raves Continues.”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
August 15, 2003
“Weed Watch: Like RAVE Act — But Worse!”
Daily Camera
Article (Aimee Heckel),
August 12, 2003
“Back To The underground”
Reason
Editorial (Jacob Sullum),
July 18, 2003
“The Chill Is On: Fighting Raves, Squelching Speech”
The Billings Outpost
Letter (Tom Angell),
July 15, 2003
“A View From Rhode Island”
The Plain Dealer
Article (Elizabeth Auster),
July 14, 2003
“Law Threatens Free Speech, Free Assembly, Critics Say ”
Boulder Weekly
Letter (Tom Angell),
July 10, 2003
“Drug Policy Abuse”
Snitch
Article (Caleb O. Brown),
July 9, 2003
“Ravers Face The Music With New Law”
Daily Press
Letter (Carolyn M. Grayweaver),
July 7, 2003
“Freedom Curtailed”
Collegiate Times
Article (Eric Beidel),
July 7, 2003
“RAVE Act Does Not Pose Threat To Local Nightspots, Owners Say”
The New Zealand Herald
Editorial (Barbara Sumner Burstyn),
July 7, 2003
“Eating Their Way Into Obesity To Fill The Boredom Void”
Seattle Times
Editorial (Rosa Tyabji),
July 5, 2003
“Stark-Raving Freedom: Broadly Worded RAVE Act Criminalizes Youth Culture”
The Austin Chronicle
Letter (Tom Angell),
July 4, 2003
“Ranting About the RAVE Act”
The Billings Outpost
Letter (Jessica Gutgsell),
July 3, 2003
“Outraged by RAVE Act”
Santa Fe Reporter
Editorial (Jonanna Widner),
July 2, 2003
“X Marks The Spot”
Weekly Dig
Letter (Tom Angell),
July 2, 2003
“No RAVE Reviews For DEA Policy”
Reason
Editorial (Sara Rimensnyder),
July, 2003
“Rave On: How A Bad Bill Becomes A Law”
Utne Reader
Editorial (Erin Ferdinand),
June 27, 2003
“Fight For Your Right To Party”
The Austin Chronicle
Letter (Philip Plowe),
June 27, 2003
“RAVE Act An Important Issue”
Letter (Michael J. Dee),
June 27, 2003
“Is Marijuana Unsafe?”
Billings Gazette
Article (Bryan O’Connor),
June 26, 2003
“Eagles Get Drug Law Clarification”
Join Together
Article,
June 25, 2003
“Controversy Surrounds Drug-Reform Fundraiser”
Weekly Dig
Article (Thom Pugh),
June 25, 2003
“Smoked Out: Did The DEA Misuse A Controversial Statute To Silence Anti-Drug Law Activists?”
Cleveland Free Times
Editorial (Thom Pugh),
June 25, 2003
“Deep Inside Amber: Drug Laws Hide In Missing-Child Legislation”
San Francisco Independent Media Center
Article,
June 24, 2003
“RAVE Act Used Against Benefit for Medical Pot”
Rutland Herald
Letter (Nick Brown),
June 24, 2003
“Law Threatens Civil Liberties”
St. Petersburg Times
Editorial (Robyn E. Blumner),
June 22, 2003
“New Law Isn’t Just Antidrug, It’s Antiparty”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
June 20, 2003
“Will RAVE Act Stomp Out Drugs – Or Dissent?”
The Washington Blade
Article (Bryan Anderton),
June 20, 2003
“Keeping The Lizard Lounge Alive”
Drug War Chronicle
Article (Phillip S. Smith),
June 20, 2003
“Rave Act Reverberations”
The Daily Independent
Letter (J. D. Brown),
June 19, 2003
“Close Watch Needed On Use Of New Law”
Boulder Weekly
Letter,
June 19, 2003
“Don’t Say We Didn’t Warn You”
AlterNet
Article (Kevin Nelson),
June 17, 2003
“Drug War Briefs: U.S. & Afghanistan: Partners In Opium”
The Nation
Article (Daniel Forbes),
June 15, 2003
“New Law Assists Political Intimidation”
Billings Gazette
Article (John Fitzgerald),
June 14, 2003
“Was Eagles Lodge Threatened Or Advised By DEA Agent?”
Capitalism Magazine
Article (S. M. Oliva),
June 14, 2003
“The RAVE Act: Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself”
Missoula Independent
Article (Jed Gottlieb),
June 12, 2003
“Burnout In Billings?”
The Billings Outpost
Article (David Crisp),
June 12, 2003
“Free Drugs Or Free Speech?”
Editorial (David Crisp),
June 12, 2003
“A Long, Tough Week In The Land Of The Free”
Eye Weekly (Canada)
Article (Joshua Ostroff),
June 12, 2003
“Downsizing Dance:
In Light Of The Current Clubland Crisis, DJ Heather Takes The Intimate Approach”
BBS News
Editorial (Michael Hess),
June 12, 2003
“Biden’s Sneaky Rave Act Draws First Blood”
Rational Review
Cartoon (Scott Bieser),
June 12, 2003
“You were right, senator! This stuff is useful for more than taping ducks!”
Utne Reader
Editorial (Phillip S. Smith),
June 11, 2003
“The Rave Act Has Landed”
Drug War Chronicle
Article (Phillip S. Smith),
June 6, 2003
“DEA Uses RAVE Act Threats To Block Montana NORML/SSDP Benefit”
TalkLeft
Letter (Adam Jones),
June 2, 2003
“Rave Act Enforcement In Montana”
Rocky Mountain News
Editorial,
June 1, 2003
“Anti-Drug Overdose”
The Brooklyn Rail
Editorial (Neal Pollack),
June, 2003
“The Right to Party”
Reason
Editorial (Jacob Sullum),
June, 2003
“Tainted by Drugs: The War On Pipes And Dancing”
Circuit Noize
Editorial (William D. McColl),
Summer, 2003
“Circuit Breaker”
The Press-Enterprise
Article (Ben Goad),
May 31, 2003
“Government Sued In Post-Rave Deaths”
The New York Times
Editorial (Jacob Sullum),
May 30, 2003
“When Holding A Party Is A Crime”
Greensboro News & Record
Letter (Bill Piper),
May 29, 2003
“RAVE Act Will Go Further Than Intended”
mi2n (Music Industry News Network)
Press Release,
May 29, 2003
“May 31st Protests Against Recently Enacted RAVE Act To Be Held In Los Angles, New York, And
Seattle”
Rocky Mountain News
Article (Mark Brown),
May 29, 2003
“Kid Law Causes Concert Trouble: Amber Alert Holds Liability Surprise”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
May 28, 2003
“Club Crawl”
DANCEmusic
Press Release,
May 12, 2003
“Show Our Strength: Freedom To Dance 2 To Showcase The Unity Of The Electronic Music Scene”
Eye Weekly (Canada)
Article (Joshua Ostroff),
May 8, 2003
“Pushin’ Pullen: Detroit Techno Deity Stacey Pullen Brings Politics To The Party”
The Palladium-Item
Editorial,
May 6, 2003
“Abuse Of System Hurts Good Laws”
Newsweek
Article (Holly Bailey),
May 4, 2003
“Concerts: A Blueprint For Busts: Under A New Law, Concert Promoters And Venue Owners Can Be Held
Liable For Patrons’ Illegal Drug Use”
BBS News
Editorial (Michael Hess),
May 4, 2003
“Biden Spokesman Confirms Sweeping New ‘RAVE Act’ Powers”
“Senator Patrick Leahy On The RAVE Act”
“Boston Phoenix Asks ‘Is Senator Biden A Sneaky Bastard?’”
Anchorage Daily News
Article (Josh Niva),
May 2, 2003
“Age Barriers: Tighter Requirements For Teen Nightclubs Worry Anchorage Promoters”
Detroit Free Press
(AP)
Article,
May 1, 2003
“Club Drug Use Targeted”
Kansas City Star
Article,
May 1, 2003
“Club Owners Have Concerns About Anti-Drug Legislation”
Pacifica Radio
Article,
May 1, 2003
“Democracy Now: Could you go to jail for hosting a party or concert where a guest uses drugs?
ACLU warns of abuse of controversial drug law snuck into Amber Alert legislation”
BBS News
Editorial (Ethan Straffin),
May 1, 2003
“Senator Biden Attaches Hated RAVE Act To Popular New Amber Alert Bill”
World (Canada)
Editorial,
May 1, 2003
“Green-Lighting Amber”
Los Angeles Daily News
Article,
April 30, 2003
“Anti-Ecstasy Law Worries Promoters, ACLU”
ABC News
(AP)
Article (Jesse J. Holland),
April 30, 2003
“‘Amber’ Anti-Drug Provision Concerns Some”
Journal Times
Article (Dustin Block),
April 30, 2003
“‘RAVE Act’ May Bring Young Voters Out”
The Examiner
Article (Millicent Mayfield),
April 29, 2003
“S.F. Clubs Rip Feds’ Rave Bill”
The Times-Picayune
Editorial,
April 29, 2003
“Bush To Sign Crime Bill Widening Drug Law”
Join Together
Article,
April 28, 2003
“Rave Act Likely To Become Law”
San Francisco Chronicle
Editorial (Neva Chonin),
April 27, 2003
“Congress Acts Out Against Club Culture”
High Times
Article (Ashley Kennedy),
April 25, 2003
“Revived Rave Act Passes:
Congress Slips Anti-Club Measure Into Child-Abduction Bill”
Orange County Weekly
Article (Andrew Asch),
April 25, 2003
“Blitzed: Fullerton Activist Fights Rave Bill”
The Phoenix
Editorial (Camille Dodero),
April 25, 2003
“Clarification: Is Senator Biden A Sneaky Bastard?”
Las Vegas Mercury
Editorial (Mike Prevatt),
April 24, 2003
“Aural Intercourse: Party Like It’s 1984”
The Village Voice
Article (Carla Spartos),
April 23, 2003
“Party Patrol: A New Federal Law Could Spoil Your Summer Fun”
Indiana Daily Student
Editorial (Evan Ross),
April 22, 2003
“New Drug Act Goes Too Far”
Greensboro News & Record
Letter (Howard Coble),
April 22, 2003
“RAVE Act Targets Drugs, Not Parties”
Rolling Stone
Article (Jenny Eliscu),
April 21, 2003
“Senate Just Says No To Clubs: New Anti-Rave Legislation Threatens Concert Industry”
Los Angeles Times
Article,
April 21, 2003
“Biden’s Bill Takes Aim at Raves”
Houston Voice
Article (Lou Chibbaro, Jr.),
April 18, 2003
“Bill Passes Targeting Rave Scene: ‘Chilling Effect’ On Circuit Parties Feared”
LA Weekly
Article (Judith Lewis),
April 18, 2003
“Party Busters”
Shepherd Express
Article (Jenn Danko),
April 17, 2003
“Rave On: The Government’s New RAVE Act Could Put Many Innocent People Out Of Business”
Los Angeles Times
Article (Nick Anderson),
April 17, 2003
“Rave Crackdown Targets Drugs, Not Music, Biden Says”
Metro Weekly
Article (Will Doig),
April 17, 2003
“Squeeze Play: RAVE Act Slips Through Senate In Amber Alert Bill, Heads To White House”
Ventura County Star
Article (Molly Freedenberg),
April 17, 2003
“Music Promoters Fear Anti-Drug Clause:
They Say It Could Bring Crackdowns On Many Events”
Boulder Weekly
Article (Vince Darcangelo),
April 17, 2003
“The War On Music:
The Government’s Battle Against Illicit Drugs Targets Concerts, Dance Venues”
Salon.com
Article (Janelle Brown),
April 16, 2003
“Your Glow Stick Could Land You In Jail:
The Latest Incarnation Of The RAVE Act Punishes Drug Users and Bystanders Alike -
And Tramples Civil Liberties”
Reuters
Article (Bill Holland),
April 15, 2003
“‘Rave’ Drug Bill Is Passed In Congress”
BBS News
Article (Michael Hess),
April 15, 2003
“Effects Based Shock And Awe Drug Policy”
Billboard
Editorial (Jonathan Cohen),
April 15, 2003
“‘Rave’ Drug Bill Is Passed In Congress”
The Examiner
Editorial (Bill Picture),
April 15, 2003
“Under attack”
Eurweb, (U.K.)
Article,
April 15, 2003
“RAVE Act Is In Full Effect:
New Bill May Cause Major Headaches For Venue Owners And Promoters”
San Francisco Independent Media Center
Article,
April 12, 2003
“Draconian RAVE Act Passes”
ABC News
Article (AP),
April 11, 2003
“Congress Passes Amber Alert System:
Congress Approves National Amber Alert System For Child Kidnappings; Bush Expected To Sign”
Washington Post
Article (Juliet Eilperin and Helen Dewar),
April 11, 2003
“Congress Approves ‘Amber Alert’ System: Bill Also Heightens Sex Offense Penalties”
Drug War Chronicle
Editorial (Phillip S. Smith),
April 11, 2003
“Save The Children, Screw The Rest Of Us:
RAVE Act, Measure To Limit Judicial Sentencing Discretion Pass House And Senate”
AlterNet
Editorial (Ethan A. Nadelman),
April 11, 2003
“Tell Ashcroft Not To Abuse The RAVE Act”
Greensboro News & Record
Letter (Darlene Kimsey),
April 11, 2003
“RAVE Act Legislation Needs Second Look”
Virgin Megamagazine
Editorial (Kim Taylor),
April 11, 2003
“Rave Act Passes Congress”
U.S. Senate
Press Release (Senator Joseph Biden),
April 10, 2003
“Congress Approves Bill To Help Protect Kids”
U.S. Senate
Press Release (Senator Patrick Leahy),
April 10, 2003
“Comment Of Senator Patrick Leahy On Senate Passage Of The AMBER Alert Bill
(PROTECT Act Package)”
TalkLeft
Article (Kyle O’Dowd),
April 10, 2003
“AMBER Alert Bill Passes Congress”
TalkLeft
Article (Kyle O’Dowd),
April 9, 2003
“Rave Act And Feeney Amendment Set For Full Congress Vote Thursday”
TalkLeft
Article,
April 9, 2003
“Biden’s Sneak Rave Act Attack”
Daily Trojan
Editorial (Rebecca Zak),
April 9, 2003
“RAVE Bill Has No Place Riding AMBER Alert Into Law”
TalkLeft
Article,
April 7, 2003
“The Rave Act Threatens Musicians, Dancing And Business Owners”
TalkLeft
Article,
April 7, 2003
“Joe Biden Trying To Sneak Rave Act Past Congress NOW”
SF BayView
Editorial,
March 13, 2003
(Opio Lumumba Sokoni, J.D.),
“Congress Trying To Ban Hip Hop shows”
Utne Reader
Article (Nick Garafola),
March 24, 2003
“Fight For Your Right to Party”
The Miami Herald
Article (Cara Buckley),
March 20, 2003
“Dance Music Backers Wary Of Congress”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
March 14, 2003
“Weed Watch”
DJForums
Article (Margarita Ortega y Gomez),
March 13, 2003
“Right To Dance Is Not A Crime”
DJForums
Article (DJ @mosfear),
March 13, 2003
“The RAVE Act Explained”
Davey D’s Hip Hop Corner
Editorial
(Opio Lumumba Sokoni, J.D.),
March 13, 2003
“Congress Trying To Ban Hip Hop Shows:
Prosecutors May Be Raving About Jailing Hip Hoppers Very Soon”
DJForums.com
Editorial (DJ @mosfear),
March 13, 2003
“The RAVE Act Explained”
The Washington Blade
Article (Bryan Anderton),
March 7, 2003
“McColl On A Mission:
Bill McColl, Director Of National Affairs For Drug Policy Alliance, Says Gays Should Be Concerned
About The Government’s ‘War On Drugs’”
LA Independent Media Center
Article,
March 4, 2003
“Oppose The RAVE Act – Keep Our Nightclubs & Music Festivals Open!”
Long Story; Short Pier
Editorial,
March 4, 2003
“WYPSIDYOPINEPOL USA”
U.S. House of Representatives
Press Release (Rep. Doug Ose),
February 13, 2003
“Ose Introduces Bill To Fight Methamphetamine”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
February 12, 2003
“A RAVE Act Under Any Other Name”
Orange County Weekly
Editorial (Matt Coker),
February 7, 2003
“Long May It Rave”
The Michigan Daily
Article,
February 6, 2003
“RAVE Act, Redux”
Metro Weekly
Article (Will Doig),
February 6, 2003
“Drug Bill Needs a Fix: Senator Biden’s RAVE Act Returns”
DJMixed.com
Article,
January 31, 2003
“The Dance And Nightlife Coalition Of Electronic Music (DANCEmusic)
is holding their first rally meeting ...”
National Review Online
Article (Dave Kopel & Glenn Reynolds),
January 30, 2003
“Feel Like Dancing? Beware Of Tom Daschle”
TalkLeft
Article,
January 30, 2003
“The Anti-Rave Act Resurfaces”
Reason
Editorial (Mike Alissi),
January 30, 2003
“Anti-Dance Parties”
KCUR (NPR)
Article (Matt Hackworth),
January 27, 2003
“The RAVE Act”
The Washington Blade
Article (Bryan Anderton),
January 24, 2003
“RAVE Act Returns To Senate As Top Dem. Priority:
Anti-Drug Bill Likely To Be Reintroduced This Year”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
January 22, 2003
“RAVE Act Redux”
Remix Transmissions
Article,
January 17, 2003
“The RAVE Act Is Back! Find Out What You Can Do”
TalkLeft
Article (Dale Gieringer),
January 17, 2003
“Analysis Of The New Anti-Rave Act”
Drug War Chronicle
Newsbrief,
January 17, 2003
“Return Of the RAVE Act”
RaveMedia.org
Article (Steven Hoff),
January 16, 2003
“Crackhouse Law Rave Act Is Back”
TalkLeft
Article,
January 14, 2003
“Rave Act Re-Introduced In Congress”
All About DJ
Article,
January 14, 2003
“Rave Act: Back With A Vengenace!!”
The State Journal-Register
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
December 16, 2002
“Organization Educates Teens On Dangers Of Drugs”
NOW
Article (Benjamin Boles),
December 12, 2002
“Special K:
As New Yorks Club Crackdown Takes Its Toll, Remix Maestro François Kevorkian Continues
To Evolve”
NewCity Chicago
Article (Kate Zambreno),
December 12, 2002
“The War on Nightlife: Inside The Politics Of Dancing ”
Justice Talking (NPR)
Report and Debate (Margot Adler),
December 9, 2002
“The R.A.V.E. Act”
Washington Square News
Article (Jeanna R. Bryner),
December 5, 2002
“For Students Who Can’t Say No”
Education Update
Editorial (Kevin A. Sabet),
December, 2002
“Ecstasy Is Agony”
San Antonio Express-News
Letter (Lamar Smith, sponsor of the RAVE Act),
November 25, 2002
“Stopping The ‘Raves’”
The North Star
Article (Erin Van Campen),
November 20, 2002
“RAVE Act Oppresses Youth”
USA Today
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
November 19, 2002
“We Need Common-Sense Plan”
Letter (Mary Ishimoto Morris),
November 19, 2002
“Raves Are ‘Wonderful’”
The Racine Journal Times
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
November 19, 2002
“Rave Crackdown”
The Free Lance-Star
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
November 16, 2002
“Our Approach In Drug War Makes Abuse More Likely”
Join Together Online
Article,
November 15, 2002
“Legislation, Cities Target Raves”
USA Today
Article (Donna Leinwand),
November 13, 2002
“As Raves Go Uptown, Cities Take Aim At Drugs, Noise”
The Free Press
Editorial (Kenneth Schweickart),
November 13, 2002
“Concert Promoters Under Attack With Broad Threat Of 20 Years In Prison”
Log Cabin Democrat
Letter (Jeremy Gosnell),
November 13, 2002
“Proposed Rave Act Goes Too Far”
XPander (Netherlands)
Article (Norah Salazar),
November 7, 2002
“On The RAVE Act Threat To Clubbing And Dance Music”
Urb
Article (Luciana Lopez),
November 1, 2002
“Ravers Rally Against RAVE Act”
The Batallion
Article (Jessica Crutcher),
October 31, 2002
“Keep On Dancing:
College Station Rave Scene Continues Unhindered Despite National Setbacks”
City Pages
Article (Michaelangelo Matos),
October 30, 2002
“Tomb Raiders: Sifting Through The Bones Of An Infamous Halloween Rave Bust”
Austin Independent Media Center
Article (Jennifer Keyser),
October 28, 2002
“RAVE Act Protest success!!”
Rocky Mountain Collegian
Letter (Bill Herman),
October 24, 2002
“I am enraged by the Collegian editorial (10/9) ...”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
October 18, 2002
“Weed Watch”
The Aumkara Group
Press Release (Ashley Henderson),
October 18, 2002
“Texas Business Community To Gather In Unprecedented Numbers To Oppose R.A.V.E. Act”
The Retriever
Article (Amy Segreti),
October 15, 2002
“RAVE Act threatens Party Scene”
Nocturnal
Article,
October 15, 2002
“Buzz Ends Their 9 Year Run”
The Gleaner
Article (Teresa Brown),
October 14, 2002
“RAVE Act: To Disrupt Music Scene”
Cardinal Points
Article,
October 13, 2002
“Rave Act can be passed”
Editorial,
“RAVE Act Country’s New Attempt”
High Times
Article (Steven Wishnia),
October 12, 2002
“Rave Act Stalled? Outrage From Ravers May Stop Anti-Ecstasy Bill Aimed At Promoters”
Southern Voice
Article (Lou Chibbaro, Jr.),
October 11, 2002
“Two Key Senators Withdraw Sponsorship Of RAVE Act,
But Anti-Ecstasy Bill Remains On Fast Track For Passage, Supporters Insist”
Desert News
Article (Jesse J. Holland),
October 11, 2002
“Lawmakers Target Rave Hosts”
The Brunswickan
Editorial (Ben Conoley),
October 11, 2002
“Let The Kids Dance”
Drug War Chronicle
Newsbrief,
October 11, 2002
“RAVE Act Stalled In House, Could Be Dead For The Year”
iVillage (Reuters)
Article (Todd Zwillich),
October 10, 2002
“US Drug Officials support ‘Rave’ Crackdown Law”
Spaced (U.K.)
Article (Nick Leonard),
October 9, 2002
“Parkinsonism, The RAVE Act And Some Not So Hidden Agendas”
Rocky Mountain Collegian
Article (Megan Fromm),
October 9, 2002
“All the Rave: Students, legislature take aim at elicit drug use”
Editorial (Collegian Editorial Board),
October 9, 2002
“Few Complaints About RAVE Act”
Metro Weekly
Article (Will Doig),
October 8, 2002
“Chemical Warfare: The RAVE Act”
The Salt Lake Tribune
Editorial (Dan Nailen),
October 8, 2002
“Orrin’s Charge On The Rave Scene May Have Legal Hangover”
The Retriever
Editorial (Philip Watkins),
October 8, 2002
“The Twentieth Century Teen Phenomenon: Raves”
The Student Life
Article (Conor O’Rourke),
October 4, 2002
“Recent Study Links XTC To Parkinsons”
Metro Weekly
Article (Will Doig),
October 3, 2002
“Chemical Warfare: The DEA Wants To Crash Your Favorite Party”
The Review
Article (Kaytie Dowling),
October 1, 2002
“RAVE Act Causes Popular Washington Rave To close”
The Trojan Horse
Editorial (Ryan Drake),
October 1, 2002
“RAVE Act Threatens Popular Culture”
TabletNewspaper.com
Editorial (Justin Paul),
October 1, 2002
“Quoth The Raver, ‘Nevermore’”
BitsMag (Brazil)
Article,
October, 2002
“Bits Da Madrugada”
The Eagle
Article (Stokely Baksh),
September 30, 2002
“Buzzlife Calls It Quits, Other Clubs May Follow”
IN Magzazine
Article (Darren Frei & Ken Martinez),
September 28, 2002
“The Great Repression”
RaveMedia.org
Article (Steven Hoff),
September 27, 2002
“Senator Leahy Drops Support For RAVE Act”
The Washington Blade
Article (Lou Chibbaro, Jr.),
September 27, 2002
“Nation Drug Arrests, New Liquor Bill Threaten Club Scene:
Velvet Nation Party, Many Late-Night Venues In Danger”
Letter (Legba Carrefour),
September 27, 2002
“ROAR! Speaks For Local Ravers”
Letter (Alan Brown),
September 27, 2002
“RAVE Act Money Should Go To Drug Education”
Drug War Chronicle
Newsbrief,
September 27, 2002
“RAVE Act Sheds Another Cosponsor”
Drug War Chronicle
Newsbrief,
September 27, 2002
“‘Buzzkill’ – Venerable DC Weekly Rave Party Dies From Overdose Of Ecstasy Enforcement”
theStranger.com
Article (Amy Jenniges),
September 26, 2002
“Fighting For Your Right To Party: Ravers Get Politicized, Take On Drug Bill”
Metro Weekly
Article (Will Doig),
September 26, 2002
“Buzz Cut: With Nation’s Friday Night Party Closed, Will Feds Focus On Velvet?”
The Cavalier Daily
Article (Alex Rosemblat),
September 25, 2002
“Raving Mad RAVE Act”
Weekly Dig
Editorial (Danielle Ben-Veniste),
September 25, 2002
“Somebody Put Something In His Drink”
Letter (Adam Wiggins),
September 25, 2002
“Danielle Ben-Veniste’s ‘Outraged Over Rave’”
The Seattle Times
Editorial (Melanie McFarland),
September 23, 2002
“Surrender To (Seclusion) For A Singular Arts Experience”
Capitalism
Article (S. M. Oliva),
September 21, 2002
“Intellectual Activism: Stop The RAVE Act”
Minneapolis City Pages
Article (Jen Boyles),
September 21, 2002
“Generation Ecstasy Comes Down: Congress Thinks The RAVE Act Is A Natural High For The War On Drugs.
But Ravers Aren’t Smiling”
Washington Post
Letter (Natalie Hopkinson and Barbara E. Martinez),
September 21, 2002
“Rave Off: ‘Buzz’ Canceled After Drug Sting”
The Miami Herald
Article (Lesley Abravanel),
September 20, 2002
“Velvet Underground: Raving Mad About The RAVE Act”
Drug War Chronicle
Newsbrief,
September 20, 2002
“Leahy Drops Support For RAVE Act”
RaveMedia.org
Article (James J. Williams),
September 19, 2002
“Buzz Ends Nine Year Run In Washington, DC”
theStranger.com
Article (Megan Seling),
September 19, 2002
“At Westlake Center”
The Miami Herald
Article,
September 18, 2002
“Antirave new world”
Article (Evelyn McDonnell),
September 18, 2002
“Crack-House Law”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
September 18, 2002
“The Sheeet Hits The Fan”
LA Weekly
September 18, 2002
Article (Christine Pelisek),
September 18, 2002
“The Crack-House Rave”
Drug War Chronicle
Article,
September 13, 2002
“Dance Culture Holds Raves Against RAVE Act — Techno At The Capitol Last Friday”
TalkLeft
Article (Brooke Bishop),
September 12, 2002
“Dancing is Not A Crime”
TalkLeft
Article,
September 12, 2002
“Update On Rave Protests”
Corsair
Article (Oliver Lukacs),
September 11, 2002
“Westwood R.A.V.E. Protest”
Weekly Dig
Editorial (Danielle Ben-Veniste),
September 11, 2002
“Outraged Over Rave: Joe Biden Wants To Make Your Party Illegal”
The John Galt Press
Editorial,
September 11, 2002
“Legal Overdose”
United Press International
Article,
September 9, 2002
“Rave reviews?”
The Eagle
Editorial (Scott Sholder),
September 9, 2002
“The RAVE Act Unfairly Attacks A legitimate Music Scene”
About.com
Article,
September 8, 2002
“Anti-Rave Bill Draws Opposition”
Youth Today
Article (Robert Sharpe),
September 7, 2002
“U.S. Drug Policy: Maximizing Harm”
KABC-TV Los Angeles
Article,
September 6, 2002
“Demontrators Fight For Their Right To Rave”
TalkLeft
Article,
September 6, 2002
“RAVE Act Call-In Protest Today”
Committee to Elect Peter D. De Baets
Press Release,
September 6, 2002
“September 6th — Stop The R.A.V.E. Act Demonstration In Westwood”
mi2n (Music Industry News Network)
Press Release,
September 6, 2002
“Oppose The Rave Act — Call Your Senators On Friday 9/6”
DJMixed.com
Article,
September 5, 2002
“R.A.V.E. Act: Protests Scheduled”
Ink19
Article,
September 5, 2002
“Protests Against R.A.V.E. Act Set For 9/6”
DC Independent Media Center
Article,
September 5, 2002
“At The Capitol: DJs, VJs & MCs ROAR Against Rave Act”
Stadia
(The International Review of Sports Venue Design, Operations & Technology),
Press Release (Turner D. Madden),
September 5, 2002
“Concern Over Drafting Ff Rave Act”
United Press International
Article (John Swenson),
September 4, 2002
“Music Fans To Protest R.A.V.E. Act”
RaveMedia.org
Article (Steven Hoff),
September 3, 2002
“Music Community Unites To Fight Unconstitutional R.A.V.E. Act”
Maine Commons
Article (Hillary Lister),
September, 2002
“RAVE Act To Affect More Than Just Ravers”
Wrong Turn
September, 2002
Article (Kevin Bogardus),
“The Rave Act: The Death Knell of Dancing?”
BlogCritics.com
Article (Eric Olsen),
August 30, 2002
“Protests Scheduled Against R.A.V.E. Act”
The DIY Reporter
Article (Susan Mainzer),
August 30, 2002
“RAVE Law Protest On Tap”
Drug War Chronicle
Article,
August 30, 2002
“RAVE Act Opponents Gear Up”
Ingenium
Article (Yusuf Abbasi),
August 29, 2002
“Congress Attempts Ecstasy Crackdown”
Daily Trojan
Article (Craig Stern),
August 29, 2002
“RAVE Act May Kill The Party”
Rock the Vote
Press Release (Steven Hoff),
August 28, 2002
“Music Community Unites To Fight Unconstitutional R.A.V.E. Act:
Protests Scheduled For LA, NYC And DC On September 6th, SF, Seattle Protests
On September 7th”
TalkLeft
Article,
August 28, 2002
“RAVE Act Protests”
Albuquerque Journal
Letter (Harry Montoya),
August 28, 2002
“Rave Bill Helps In Ecstasy Fight”
Daily Lobo
Article (Margarita Ortega y Gómez),
August 27, 2002
“Music Festival Transforms Civic Plaza”
SonicProduct
Article (Morgan Y. Evans),
August 26, 2002
“Rave Culture Faces Legislative Battles In The USA”
LiP
Article (Jessica Clark),
August 24, 2002
“Perspective From the Bench:
Judge James P. Gray Takes On The War On Drugs”
LiP
Editorial (William D. McColl),
August 24, 2002
“RAVE Review:
Why The Reducing Americans’ Vulnerability To Ecstasy (RAVE) Act Is A Bad Acronym
And Worse Policy”
Weekly Alibi
Article (Tim McGivern),
August 22, 2002
“Raving About The Right To Dance:
While Federal Ecstasy Legislation Targets Rave Culture, Local Youth Stage
An Electronic Music Festival At Civic Plaza In Protest”
Independent Online
Letter (Taylor Sisk),
August 22, 2002
“Rave On In The Name Of PLUR”
The Oregonian
Letter (Gene Ehrbar),
August 19, 2002
“Rave Act ‘Deeply Flawed’”
ABC News
Article (Geraldine Sealey),
August 16, 2002
“Raves Endangered? Feds Go After All-Night Music Parties”
TalkLeft
Article,
August 16, 2002
“Feds Still Pushing ‘Rave Act’”
initium: The Daily Journal of Capitalism
Article (S. M. Oliva),
August 15, 2002
“Congress Goes Stark RAVEing Mad”
The Times-Picayune
Editorial,
August 14, 2002
“Stuck On Glow Sticks”
The Village Voice
Article (Tricia Romano),
August 14, 2002
“Strokes Are Stoked!”
The Times-Picayune
Article (Gwen Filosa),
August 12, 2002
“U.S. Senators Take On Raves: Government’s Move A Lot Like Local Effort”
High Times
Article (Wilhelm Murg),
August 12, 2002
“Anti-Rave Law Stalled, But Not Dead:
Proposed Bill Targets Event Producers Under Expanded Federal ‘Crackhouse Law’”
Libération (France)
Article (Pascal Riche),
August 12, 2002
“les raves dans le collimateur du Sénat:
Elles risquent d’être interdites au nom de la lutte contre l’ecstasy”
Onetrip (France)
Article (Hutch),
August 12, 2002
“Le gouvernement rêve d’un Etat sans rave”
The Marietta Daily Journal
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
August 11, 2002
“Paulson’s Column Struck Anti-Ecstasy Law On Head”
The Oregonian
Letter (Max Margolis),
August 10, 2002
Law Would Cut Into Rave Scene
The Washington Blade
Article (Chris Crain),
August 9, 2002
Hands Off Our Circuit:
August 9, 2002
Who Would Have Thought That Congress Would Take Aim At Ravers, Forcing Us To Fight For
Our Right To Party? That’s What The RAVE Act Will Do In The Wrong Hands.”
New York Blade
Editorial,
August 9, 2002
By Chris Crain
Orlando Weekly
Editorial (Mike Connor),
August 8, 2002
“Stop The Music”
Frontiers of Freedom
Editorial (Jon Bennett),
August 7, 2002
“True Danger to Liberties”
Centre Daily Times
Editorial,
August 6, 2002
“The Correct Way To Deal With Ecstasy”
The Marietta Daily Journal
Editorial (Ken Paulson),
August 4, 2002
“A Long Strange Trip?”
San Francisco Chronicle
Article (Geoff Boucher),
August 4, 2002
“The Agony of Ecstasy: Rave Bill Takes Aim At Party Drugs —
Senate Tweaks Law That Was Designed To Close Down Crack Houses”
Los Angeles Times
Article (Geoff Boucher),
August 3, 2002
“Lawmakers Targeting The Ecstasy Of Raves”
Los Angeles Times
Letters (Steve Dnistrian, Danny Terwey),
August 2, 2002
“Lawmakers Get Their Rave Act Together”
Teen Newsweek
Article (Jayne Keedle),
August 2, 2002
“Is the War on Drugs Turning Into A War on Raves?
Rave Enthusiasts Say Two Proposed Bills Threaten Their First Amendment Rights”
The Washington Blade
Article (Keith Taylor),
August 2, 2002
RAVE Act Moves To A Slower Beat: Biden Predicts Eventual Passage But Meets With Critics”
The Miami Herald
Article (William D. McColl),
August 2, 2002
“Bill To Counter Ecstasy Use Troubling”
Houston Press
Article (Craig D. Lindsey),
August 1, 2002
“A Rave Mistake: Apparently the U.S. Senate has little better to do than hassle the
pacifier-and-glow-stick set”
New Haven Advocate
Article (Brita Brundage),
August 1, 2002
“Rave On At Club Senate: The RAVE Act Seeks To Shut Down Dance Events And Prosecute
Everyone Involved”
Clubhoppers
Article (Eloy Velazquez),
August, 2002
“Rave Act: Is This The End of Clubland?”
Illinois Entertainer
Editorial (Althea Legaspi),
August, 2002
“To Rave Or Not To Rave?”
Columbia Daily Spectator
Op-Ed (LZA Dwoskin),
July 31, 2002
“Quoth the Raver”
The Daily Californian
Op-Ed (Kenny Kamrin),
July 30, 2002
“Party Law Misrepresents, Endangers Rave Culture”
Letters (Robert Sharpe, Adam Wiggins),
July 30, 2002
“Ecstasy Crackdown Unfairly Targets Rave Culture”
Bayerischer Rundfunk (Germany)
Article (Von Oliver Buschek & Ralf Summer),
July 30, 2002
“Gesetz gegen Techno-Raves”
Los Angeles Times
Op-Ed (William D. McColl),
July 29, 2002
“Ill-Informed Bill To Counter Ecstasy Use In Clubs Is Nothing To Rave About”
New York Metro
Feature (Ethan Brown),
July 29, 2002
“Let’s Dance! A new move is afoot to change the cabaret laws — but watch out for rave”
The Freedom Forum
Editorial (
Kenneth A. Paulson),
July 28, 2002
“Rave on: the Grateful Dead and a new generation”
New York Times
Article (Donald G. McNeil Jr.),
July 27, 2002
“Study In Primates Shows Brain Damage From Doses Of Ecstasy”
UMagazine
Editorial (Jessica VanDusen),
July 27, 2002
“The RAVE Act — Burying the Underground”
ID&T Dance Zone (Netherlands)
Editorial,
July 27, 2002
“Dance in de Verenigde Staten in de verdrukking”
Los Angeles Daily Journal
Op-Ed (Kevin B. Zeese),
July 26, 2002
“High Anxiety: Irrational Fear of Ecstasy, Not Real Danger, Inspires Measure”
Culture & Families Report
Article (Greg Rohrbough),
July 25, 2002
“‘Gay’ Club Owners Protest Senate ‘RAVE’ Bill: Hope to Protect Circuit Parties,
Rampant Drug Use”
Fox News Channel
Op-Ed (Glenn Harlan Reynolds),
July 25, 2002
“Raving Lunacy”
The NCADI Reporter
(The National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information)
Article (Allyson Schafter),
July 25, 2002
“Congress’ RAVE Act Facing Opposition from ACLU and Ravers”
TalkLeft
Article,
July 25, 2002
“The Proposed Rave Act”
MidwestTimes.com
Editorial,
July 25, 2002
“RAVE Bill”
Metro Santa Cruz
Article (Mike Connor),
July 24, 2002
“Raving Mad”
Article,
July 24, 2002
“The X Files”
Reason
Editorial (Jacob Sullum),
July 24, 2002
“Party Poopers”
San Francisco Bay Guardian
Article (A. C. Thompson),
July 24, 2002
“Operation: Get the Ravers”
Gay.com
Article (Christopher Lisotta),
July 23, 2002
“Senate Bill Has Circuit Parties In Its Target”
The Daily Californian
Letter,
July 23, 2002
“Lawmakers Target Raves, Not Illegal Drug Use”
The Examiner
Article (Michael Stoll),
July 22, 2002
“Bill A Buzzkill For Raves”
Letter (Robert Sharpe),
July 22, 2002
“RAVE not good idea”
The Michigan Daily
Editorial,
July 22, 2002
“More drug shenanigans:
Dangerous MDMA bill speeding through Senate”
Marijuana Policy Project New York
Letter (Walter F. Wouk),
July 21, 2002
“Bill Pushes Prison For Marijuana Supporters”
LA Weekly
Article (Judith Lewis),
July 19, 2002
“No RAVE Review: Congress rushes bill targeting nightclub operators”
Tiscali Music Network (U.K.)
Article,
July 19, 2002
“Raving Mad”
Spaced (U.K.)
Article (Zac Valentine),
July 19, 2002
“Just like Jay Kay said, we’re going deeper underground:
Promoters in Ibiza have had plenty of attention from the police recently, but they
should be happy they’re not in America, the land of the ‘free’”
U.S. Senate
Press Release (
Sen. Dianne Feinstein),
July 19, 2002
“Senators Feinstein, Hutchinson, Kohl Introduce Bill to Provide $125.5 Million to Fight
Methamphetamine”
Consumer Healthcare Products Association
Press Release (Kevin Kraushaar),
July 19, 2002
“Federal OTC retail sales limit bill to be introduced”
News24.com
Article,
July 18, 2002
“US ravers fight for ecstasy”
Washington Post
Article (David Montgomery),
July 18, 2002
“Ravers Against the Machine: Partiers and ACLU Take On ‘Ecstasy’ Legislation”
InternetDJ.com
Article,
July 18, 2002
“US RAVE Act May Threaten Clubs and Dancing”
Courrier International
Revue de presse (Philippe Randrianarimanana),
July 18, 2002
“Dix mille signatures recueillies en cinq jours ...”
San Francisco Independent Media Center
Article,
July 17, 2002
“MORE you can do to stop the RAVE bill!”
Salon.com
Article (Greg Harrison),
July 16, 2002
“Lawmakers addicted to the quick fix: Drug legislation like the proposed RAVE Act does
more to promote illicit drug use than discourage it”
U.S. Newswire
Press Release (Amanda Huie),
July 15, 2002
“Buzzlife To Deliver Petition Against S. 2633, The ‘Rave’ Act, To Senate at 2 p.m. July 16”
New York Blade
Article (Lou Chibbaro, Jr.),
July 12, 2002
“Promoters fear ‘RAVE’ bill will hurt circuit parties:
Anti-ecstasy measure holds club owners, promoters liable for ‘knowingly’ permitting drug use”
AlterNet.org
Article (Tony Newman),
July 12, 2002
“DPA Advisory: ‘Rave’ Bill”
Laissez Faire Books
Article (Julian Sanchez),
July 11, 2002
“The Agony over Ecstacy”
AudioRevolution.com
Article,
July 10, 2002
“Senator Biden’s ‘Rave Act’ Would Allow Feds To Bust Dance Clubs As Crack Houses”
mi2n (Music Industry News Network)
Article,
July 9, 2002
“Senate To Pass Anti-Rave, Club Law”
Kuro5hin
Op-Ed (Luminescent),
July 7, 2002
“RAVE Act: RIP Live Electronic Music”
Op-Ed (Tim Moore),
July 7, 2002
“RAVE Act of 2002”
SF Weekly
Article (Dan Strachota),
July 3, 2002
“The War On Raves: Forget Terrorists; Let’s Fight The Dancers”
U.S. Gov Info/Resources
Article,
June 25, 2002
“US Senator Has Rave Rage: Biden proposes bill to crack down on party-drug Ecstasy”
Senator Chuck Grassley
Press Release,
June 20, 2002
“Grassley Introduces Legislation to Crack Down on Drug-Abundant Raves”
Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control
Press Release,
June 18, 2002
“Biden Bill Targets Rave Promoters Who Seek to Profit By Putting Teens At Risk”
Ground Score
Article (Brad Simonds),
June, 2002
“CLEAN-UP Bill Targets Promoters”
U.S. House of Representatives
Press Release (Rep. Bud Cramer),
May 28, 2002
“Congressman Cramer Discusses Jackson County Meth Epidemic”
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
Article (Winda Benedetti),
May 10, 2002
“A Coalition Rallies for Electronica Culture”
The Austin Chronicle
Article (Jordan
Smith),
May 3, 2002
“CLEAN-Up the Fun”
Drug War Chronicle
Article,
April 19, 2002
“Federal Meth Bill Provision Would Send Promoters to Prison for Drug Use at Events”
Weekly Dig
Article (Seth McM.Donlin),
April 10, 2002
“Not Satisfied with Amount of Americans in Prison, Congress Looking to Lock Up More”
The Cannabis Times
Article,
April, 2002
“H.R. 3782, ‘CLEAN-UP Methamphetamine Act of 2002’”
U.S. House of Representatives
Press Release (Rep. Rob Portman),
March 20, 2002
“Portman Joins Colleagues In Unveiling New Bill To Fight Methamphetamine”
City of Citrus Heights
Press Release (Helen Brewer),
February 15, 2002
“Congressman Doug Ose’s legislation”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|